His father was the son of Owen Tudor, a Welsh squire, and Catherine of France, the widow of King Henry V. His mother was the great-granddaughter of John of Gaunt, duke of Lancaster, whose children by Catherine Swynford were born before he married her. [23] After his coronation Henry issued an edict that any gentleman who swore fealty to him would, notwithstanding any previous attainder, be secure in his property and person. A man who rewrote history and rebuilt the crown, but who was paranoid, manipulative and suspicious; a dark prince with a wintery reign. We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. [56] This trade made an expensive commodity cheaper, which raised opposition from Pope Julius II, since the Tolfa mine was a part of papal territory and had given the Pope monopoly control over alum. [3] Henry's paternal grandfather, Owen Tudor, originally from the Tudors of Penmynydd, Isle of Anglesey in Wales, had been a page in the court of King Henry V. He rose to become one of the "Squires to the Body to the King" after military service at the Battle of Agincourt. The Great Debasement (1544-1551) was a currency debasement policy introduced in 1544 England under the order of Henry VIII which saw the amount of precious metal in gold and silver coins reduced and in some cases replaced entirely with cheaper base metals such as copper. For many he remained a usurper, a false king. Henry VII was also shown, but his black line just traced back to Owen Tudor, a chamber servant. Overspending by Henry VIII to pay for his lavish lifestyle and to fund foreign wars with France and Scotland are cited as . The country was in a perpetual state of emergency and Henrys subjects were scared and resentful. [28], Henry had Parliament repeal Titulus Regius, the statute that declared Edward IV's marriage invalid and his children illegitimate, thus legitimising his wife.
Henry VIII - Loss of popularity | Britannica - Encyclopedia Britannica Henry VII: Winter King - A Review and Rundown - The Anne Boleyn Files There's a lot of cloak-and-dagger stuff here, something Henry and certain of his counselors seemed especially skilled at, and it was those parts that I particularly enjoyed. Thomas Mores coronation poem for Henry VIII contrasted the new Kings reign with the dark days of the past. Author of, Assistant Master and Professor of History, Selwyn College, University of Cambridge. I couldn't even stay awake reading this. Henrys Chamber Accounts show payment to strangers and people across the sea, who appear to have been part of a network of spies and informers who kept an eye on potential troublemakers and alerted the King. His biographer, Professor Chrimes, credits him even before he had become king with "a high degree of personal magnetism, ability to inspire confidence, and a growing reputation for shrewd decisiveness". Happy St Davids Day! The union was both symbolic and necessary. In the late 20th century a model of European state formation was prominent in which Henry less resembles Louis and Ferdinand. 3.5 Stars. I am glad to say that I think it does, for it concentrates on the reign, and court, of Henry VII, giving a different slant to the well known story. [citation needed], During his lifetime the nobility often criticised Henry VII for re-centralizing power in London, and later the 16th-century historian Francis Bacon was ruthlessly critical of the methods by which he enforced tax law, but it is equally true that Henry VII was diligent about keeping detailed records of his personal finances, down to the last halfpenny;[71] these and one account book detailing the expenses of his queen survive in the British National Archives, as do accounts of courtiers and many of the king's own letters. This approach raised puzzling questions about similarities and differences in the development of national states. [11] When Edward IV became King in 1461, Jasper Tudor went into exile abroad. (ROYAL HISTORY) Directors Stuart Elliott Genres Documentary, International Subtitles English [CC] Audio languages English. Penn explained how Henry reworked recent events to suit him. In 1494, Henry embargoed trade (mainly in wool) with the Burgundian Netherlands in retaliation for Margaret of Burgundy's support for Perkin Warbeck. This was excellent. Both were survivors and as united in death as in life, as their tomb in Westminster Abbey illustrates.
That is, suspicious, insecure and crafty but also determined, patient and fiercely proud of his Lancastrian ancestry. He paid very close attention to detail, and instead of spending lavishly he concentrated on raising new revenues. He had to pay a 500 fine to save himself, to buy a pardon for the crime.
'Winter King,' a Portrait of Henry VII - The New York Times The author does a good job drawing on his sources and bringing the characters to life while staying true to the history, but the subject matter is just not inherently as sexy as Henry VIIIs or Elizabeth Is reigns. Henry the older was lean and shriveled, rigid with prudence, empty of any hunger other than a desire to secure his throne through the acquisition of cash. He took care not to address the baronage or summon Parliament until after his coronation, which took place in Westminster Abbey on 30 October 1485.
Henry VIII had become heir to the throne when his elder brother, Arthur, died in 1502. From his victory over Richard III at the Battle of Bosworth, to his secret death and the succession of his son Henry VIII, the film reveals the ruthless tactics . They were third cousins, as both were great-great-grandchildren of John of Gaunt. Two themes of his book preside: the permanent vulnerability of Henry's regime, and his ruthless methods of rule. However, such a level of paranoia persisted that anyone (John de la Pole, Earl of Lincoln, for example)[27] with blood ties to the Plantagenets was suspected of coveting the throne. He had a populist touch and his reign started with pardons, reforms and justice. For other uses, see, Henry holding a rose and wearing the collar of the, Law enforcement and justices of the peace, the 1486 rebellion of the Stafford brothers, Learn how and when to remove this template message, Cultural depictions of Henry VII of England, "Tudor Pembroke | Ymddiriedolaeth Harri Tudur | Henry Tudor Trust", "BBC Wales History Themes Pembroke The Main Street", "Westminster Abbey website: Coronations, Henry VII and Elizabeth of York", "Calendar of State Papers, Spain: Supplement To Volumes 1 and 2, Queen Katherine; Intended Marriage of King Henry VII To Queen Juana", "Domestic and foreign policy of Henry VII", "Queen Margaret's Arch | York Civic Trust", "Margaret Beaufort, Countess of Richmond", The Reign of Henry VII. When he died, his only surviving son, Henry VIII, succeeded him without a breath of opposition. Henry attained the throne when his forces defeated King Richard III at the Battle of Bosworth Field, the culmination of the Wars of the Roses. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Henry-VII-king-of-England, Spartacus Educational - Biography of Henry VII, English Monarchs - Biography of Henry VII, Henry VII - Children's Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11), Henry VII - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). Henry Tudor, named after his father, Henry VII, was born by Elizabeth of York June 28, 1491 in Greenwich Palace. Stanley was accused of supporting Warbeck's cause, arrested and later executed. The significant role played by bitcoin for businesses! Reading this, I got a much better understanding of where Henry VIII came from, and why he was destined to be the colorful ruler he became, as an antidote to his own father. This definitely was not that. [16] With money and supplies borrowed from his host, Francis II of Brittany, Henry tried to land in England, but his conspiracy unravelled resulting in the execution of his primary co-conspirator, Henry Stafford, 2nd Duke of Buckingham. For inheriting an unstable throne, holding it for 25 year and leaving England relatively stable, Henry VII deserves his own biography and a lot more credit. Since he was the second son, and not expected to become king, we know little of his childhood until the death of his older brother Arthur, Prince of Wales. Quite ambitious in nature, Thomas Penn attempts to write a portrait of Henry VII and his reign. In 1501, England had been ravaged for decades by conspiracy, coups . [citation needed] Henry had been under the financial and physical protection of the French throne or its vassals for most of his life before becoming king. I wasn't disappointed because, as usual, he did a great job with the narration. Blair Worden's The English Civil Wars is published by Phoenix. The Lancastrians triumphed under the leadership of a 28-year-old exile named Henry Tudor. Henry VII ruled - as Machiavelli, just after his reign, was to advise usurpers to do - through fear rather than love. Henry was building a myth, the idea that he and his family were the true royal blood of England. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). The first rising, that of Lord Lovell, Richard IIIs chamberlain, in 1486 was ill-prepared and unimportant, but in 1487 came the much more serious revolt of Lambert Simnel. It is a sobering reflection for professional historians that the apparently unpromising territory of Henry's reign has recently produced two memorable books, both of them written outside their ranks: this one, and Ann Wroe's biography of the pretender, Perkin (2003), a longer work on a shorter subject. (1): (April 24, 1883. I'm not giving this a star rating because I suspect it's me at fault not the book. [citation needed], In 1506, Grand Master of the Knights Hospitaller Emery d'Amboise asked Henry VII to become the protector and patron of the Order, as he had an interest in the crusade. After his victory at Bosworth Field, Henry married Edward IV's daughter Elizabeth of York. $14.97 1 Used from $14.96 3 New from $14.97. Scapegoats were needed for Henry VIIs reign, people to blame for the old regime, so Edmund Dudley was imprisoned and executed on trumped up charges. They were appointed for every shire and served for a year at a time. By this marriage, Henry VII hoped to break the Auld Alliance between Scotland and France. Henry VII introduced stability to the financial administration of England by keeping the same financial advisors throughout his reign. If you continue to use this site we will assume that you are happy with it. Indeed he was born in winter, on January 28th 1457, in Pembroke Castle, in Wales and that is one of the reasons why the Welsh dragon always formed part of his insignia. [62], Henry VII used justices of the peace on a large, nationwide scale.
The 6 Main Achievements of Henry VII | History Hit More than a biography of Henry VII, this book is really a highly detailed history of the last ten years of his reign, and how he meticulously and ruthlessly turned England into a police state ruled by what amounted to an organized crime syndicate. Still, as Penn observes, the national sense of relief in 1509 was palpable. All the information is from Thomas Penn.
Henry VII: Winter King, BBC Two, review - The Telegraph Here is a rundown of the programme for those who missed it. Yet Henry's techniques of power went beyond the needs of surveillance and survival. Shakespeare, drawn to the colour on either side of the reign, skipped it. Having established his claim to be king in his own right, he married Elizabeth of York on January 18, 1486. His account of Henry's government is more contentious than he lets on.
Watch Henry VII: The Winter King | Prime Video - amazon.com But, his enemies didnt agree. Happy 14th Birthday to the Anne Boleyn Files!
When Henry VIII and Francis I Spent $19 Million on the Field of Cloth What are the differences between Henry VII and Henry VIII? Annoyingly, much of the most interesting stuff concerns his son, and whenever Penn comments intelligently on how the events here affected the future Henry VIII's reign I found myself perking up such as the suggestion that Henry VII's marriage to Elizabeth was the kind of marriage that their second son, Prince Henry, would spend his whole life trying to find. With the assistance of the Italian merchant banker Lodovico della Fava and the Italian banker Girolamo Frescobaldi, Henry VII became deeply involved in the trade by licensing ships, obtaining alum from the Ottoman Empire, and selling it to the Low Countries and in England. Overall, this was a successful area of policy for Henry, both in terms of efficiency and as a method of reducing the corruption endemic within the nobility of the Middle Ages. While most of us are familiar with Henry VIII and Elizabeth I and we probably have a sense of the Wars of the Roses in England, but how many of us are familiar with Henry VII. On the other side of the coin, instead of the cross, was a Tudor rose and the arms of England. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. Penn then moved on to how Henry became King. Author Thomas Penn takes an extraordinary journey into the dark and chilling world of the first Tudor King, Henry VII. By 1900 the "New Monarchy" interpretation stressed the common factors that in each country led to the revival of monarchical power. Henry VII The Winter King is also the title of a book by Thomas Penn, and a useful read. Henry decided to keep Brittany out of French hands, signed an alliance with Spain to that end, and sent 6,000 troops to France.
Henry VII: The Winter King - Amazon Prime Video From his victory over Richard III at the Battle of Bosworth, to his secret death and the succession of his son Henry VIII, the film reveals the ruthless tactics . What old December's bareness every where! Categories: Monarchy, NewsTags: birth of Tudor dynasty, Henry Tudor, Henry VII, Thomas Penn, Tudor dynasty, Winter King, Copyright 2023 The Anne Boleyn Files For instance, the Stanley family had control of Lancashire and Cheshire, upholding the peace on the condition that they stayed within the law. Penn notes something else about the paeans on the son's accession: later in the Tudor period, apologists for the regime would remember Henry VII as the restorer of national peace and unity, but in 1509 it was the king's death, not his rule, that was held to have ended a long era of dark instability. [citation needed] But now, sensitivity readers are pushing back . However, with the help of the forces of his step-father, Lord Stanley, he defeated Richard and Richard was killed on the battlefield. Wales was historically a Lancastrian stronghold, and Henry owed the support he gathered to his Welsh birth and ancestry, being agnatically descended from Rhys ap Gruffydd. Serious disputes involving the use of personal power, or threats to royal authority, were thus dealt with. [24][17][25] He was 29 years old, she was 20. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Henry, recognizing that Simnel had been a mere dupe, employed him in the royal kitchens. But definitely rewarding! At any rate, the Wars of the Roses had ended with a victory by which the winner took all, and regardless of his somewhat dubious Plantagenet ancestry. Henry VII died on 21 April 1509, and the 17-year-old Henry succeeded him as king. [6] Henry IV's action was of doubtful legality, as the Beauforts were previously legitimised by an Act of Parliament, but it weakened Henry's claim. After obtaining the dispensation, Henry had second thoughts about the marriage of his son and Catherine. This book was way too focused on what happened, but not so much on the why or why it was important. Henry's original head was cut out of the painting and replaced at some point after the work's creation.
Henry VII - History Learning Site Penn is not one to understate a case.